»The measuring technology works in a similar way to human vision. However, instead of two eyes we are using two near-infrared cameras«, Stefan Heist from the Fraunhofer IOF explains. »In order to detect the object, we project a-periodic patterns onto the surface using a specially developed near-infrared projector.« A sequence of different patterns is projected in rapid succession in order to record as many measurement points as possible by the two cameras. Within a few milliseconds, the software then calculates the 3D data from the images.
Well balanced overall package
Since infrared rays are invisible to the human eye the scanner measures the surface invisibly and, due to the numerous measurements points, with high accuracy. This makes it possible to create high-resolution 3D images of 1,000 x 1,000 pixels at 36 3D images per second. Combined with the shots of a color camera, colored 3D images are produced in premium quality. The system is able to creates images continuously without a break. This creates the impression of a moving 3D color image to the viewer. In comparison, old tube televisions showed 25 images per second, each image being doubled in order to reduce the disturbing flicker.
»Although there are scanners that are faster, they render 3D images with a poorer resolution. If, on the other hand, the scanners are more accurate, they tend to be much slower. Moreover, most scanners work in the visible range and the projections of the patterns may even interfere or have disturbing glare effects. Our measurement goes on completely unseen. The novelty of our development is the finely tuned overall package – and this is still one of the greatest challenges in development work«, says Dr. Peter Kühmstedt, who heads the research project.
Numerous applications possible
Numerous applications are imaginable for the new, irritation-free 3D scanner; for example, in medical rehabilitation. »Here, our optical system could indicate whether the patient performs exercises correctly or incorrectly«, says Kühmstedt. He and his team are also working on applications in human-machine interaction. Robots or highly autonomous systems would be able to grasp and respond to human gestures and facial expressions. The new scanner could also be interesting for security technology applications. Biometric body characteristics can be identified without irritating projections.
A prototype of the new scanner has already been built and will be presented at the Stuttgart Control Trade Fair from May 9 to 12.
Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft