Industrial biotechnology is opening up new production pathways that enhance sustainability, resource efficiency and resilience. By harnessing microorganisms, enzymes and biotechnological processes, it enables the production of chemicals, materials, food and active ingredients from renewable raw materials, providing alternatives to fossil-based value chains. The critical step in translating these innovations into real-world applications is the successful scale-up of new processes from the laboratory to industrial production. Advanced bioprocesses, precision fermentation, intelligent process control and flexible scale-up strategies help shorten development timelines and reduce technology risks. Fraunhofer develops solutions across the entire process chain—from strain development and bioprocess design to pilot plants, digitalization, and industrial scale-up. This lays the groundwork for new bio-based business models and a competitive European bioeconomy.